Risk of damage to life, health and property and moral harm due to violations of mandatory requirements to consumer rights protection: Assessment mehtodology and practice of use
N.V. Zaitseva1, S.V. Kleyn1, I.V. May1, D.А. Kiryanov1, N.S. Pavlyuchenko2, М.А. Patyashina3, Yu.А. Bulatova3, D.V. Goryaev4, А.Yu. Oleinik4, E.V. Sedusova1, V.М. Chigvintsev1, О.I. Goleva5
1Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
2Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 18 Vadkovskii Lane, build. 5, 7, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation
3Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Tatarstan Regional Office, 30 B. Krasnaya St., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
4Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Krasnoyarsk Regional Office, 21 Karatanova St., Krasnoyarsk, 660097, Russian Federation
5Perm State University, 15 Bukireva St., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Relevance of this study comes from advisability of using risk-based approaches in consumer rights protection (CRP) in order to make control and surveillance activities more targeted and effective.
The aim of this study was to scientifically substantiate and test methodical approaches to integral assessment of risks of damage to life, health, and property and moral harm for consumers due to violations of mandatory requirements to consumer rights protection.
The study was based on departmental statistical data collected by Rospotrebnadzor over 2021–2024, data provided by Rosstat and taken from the Register of Economic Entities of Rospotrebnadzor’s Unified Information and Analytical System (UIAS). A four-stage algorithm for integral risk assessment was developed and tested. The assessment was based on degree of probability of a contact between a consumer and violation of mandatory legal requirements to CRP, severity of outcomes and the scope of exposure. The algorithm was tested on 12 kinds of services (more than 10 thousand of information units were analyzed). A scale was developed to describe five levels of individual and population risk measured as a share of an annual income received by an average Russian consumer.
The greatest total risk was associated with communal services (R = 8.47•10-3, 0.85 % of the annual income), transport (R = 4.57•10-3) and domestic services (R = 3.53•10-3). Risk of damage to property reached 97.7 % in the total risk associated with domestic services; health risks prevailed in educational services (85.1 %). Costs of damage to property were the highest in tourism (195 thousand rubles); the lowest, in retail food trade (5.1 thousand rubles). According to the developed criteria, four out of 12 analyzed kinds of services were assigned into the moderate risk category; seven, low risk category; one, negligible risk category; population risks varied between negligible and considerable.
Limitations of this study are determined by incompleteness of statistical data in CRP and aggregation of all indicators at the federal level.
The developed methodological instruments allow using the risk-based approach for identifying priorities and making control and prevention in CRP more targeted and effective. Implementation of this approach will ensure well-grounded allocation of resources and more effective consumer rights protection. The prospects of its development involve creating a database on actual cases of harm to consumers and automated system for risk calculation.
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