Systemic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (review). Spleen, excretory system, skin, bone system

UDC: 
57.042+57.049+ 612.1+614
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2025.3.18.eng
Authors: 

N.I. Khorseva1, P.E. Grigoriev2,3

Organization: 

1Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
2Sevastopol State University, 33 Universitetskaya Str., Sevastopol, 299053, Russian Federation
3Academic Research Institute of Physical Methods of Treatment, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation named after I.M. Sechenov, 10/3 Mukhina Str., Yalta, Republic of Crimea, 298603, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

Currently, isolated publications appear to report the results of experimental and monitoring studies that provide solid evidence of the spleen, excretory system, skin and skeletal system being sensitive to effects produced by radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) in a wide frequency range (from 900 MHz to 2.45 GHz). Since health and normal functioning of these organs and systems are the most important conditions for vital activity of the body, systematization of the available data determines the relevance of this review.

Analysis of the available results obtained by experimental studies has showed that numerous histopathological changes are registered in the spleen (for example, in the white pulp), excretory system (in the kidneys as degeneration of glomeruli and vessels, vacuolization of tubules, fibrosis, etc.; in the bladder as cell apoptosis, etc.), and skeletal system (decreased bone density) upon repeated exposure to RF EMF of various frequency ranges.

A special place belongs to studies with their focus on RF EMF effects in the 5G range on the skin, which is currently a new critical organ of its impact. The studies have reported acceleration of skin aging, pigmentation disorders, mitochondrial stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
Negative changes in the spleen were recorded in studies that applied electrophotonic visualization during short-term exposure to RF EMF on adolescents.
Epidemiological studies indicate that the duration of conversations using a cell phone increases the risk of kidney disease and decreased bone density, detected in active mobile communication users, especially when they carry a gadget in trouser pockets.
The obtained results are relevant and have practical significance for children and adolescents who are currently active users of cellular communications.

Summarizing the available data on the negative impact of RF EMF not only on the nervous system, but also on other systems of the body, we can state its systemic effects.

In this regard, as noted in a number of foreign studies, there is a need to revise the previously adopted FCC and ICNIRP limits for the impact of RF EMF on the human body. The expert society should concentrate its future efforts on developing updated safe RF EMF limits and probable future revision of sanitary rules and norms in accordance with new identified health risks primarily for children and adolescents as a population group, which is the most susceptible to any environmental exposure.

We believe that guidelines should be developed for implementing relevant culture for safe use of up-to-date gadgets for children and adolescents including predominant use of wire-based hands-free kits (not Bluetooth), speakerphones, as well as messengers used for subsequent exchange of text and multimedia messages, and not carrying a gadget ‘on oneself’ (in shirt or trousers pockets). This will allow a significant reduction in negative effects produced by RF EMF, in particular, by mobile phones / smartphones, on the growing generations’ health.

Keywords: 
radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 5G, cellular communications, spleen, excretory system, skin, skeletal system, young animals, children, adolescents
Khorseva N.I., Grigoriev P.E. Systemic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (review). Spleen, excretory system, skin, bone system. Health Risk Analysis, 2025, no. 3, pp. 183–191. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2025.3.18.eng
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Received: 
10.03.2025
Approved: 
23.07.2025
Accepted for publication: 
24.09.2025

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