Work environment of the automotive industry as a risk factor of diseases of the circulatory system among workers

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2023-2-9.pdf
UDC: 
331.4:629.33:616.1
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.09.eng
Authors: 

E.T. Valeeva1,2, R.R. Galimova1,2, A.A. Distanova1, I.F. Suleymanova1, D.M. Galiullina1, N.B. Boyarinova1, L.Kh. Salavatova1, S.M. Isaeva1

Organization: 

1Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, 94 Stepana Kuvykina Str., Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation
2Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina Str., Ufa, 450077, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

This study has shown that working conditions of basic occupational groups in the automotive industry involve combined exposure to several harmful occupational factors. Major harmful occupational factors include intense noise, vibration, work hardness and chemical levels; their intensity varies between permissible levels (the hazard category is 2.0) and harmful ones (the hazard category 3.1–3.2, harmful working conditions with hazard levels 1 or 2). This may induce occurrence or exacerbation of basic non-communicable diseases such as diseases of the circulatory system (CSDs), occupational and work-related diseases.

CSDs were diagnosed in 37.7 % of workers employed at automotive productions. The most frequent diseases include hypertension (EH) that accounted for 28.2 %; cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), 6.5 %; ischemic heart disease (IHD), 3.6 %. CSDs developed at an early age in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors belonging to the hazard category 3.1–3.2; these diseases became more frequent as work records got longer, and were more frequently exacerbated with acute cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the total cardiovascular risk using the SCORE scale and established that shares of people with high and very high cardiovascular risks were higher among painters, laboratory assistants responsible for chemical analysis, and repairmen. The attributive risk of new cardiovascular diseases ranged between 9.6 (turners) and 42.6 (repairmen) cases.

The highest occupational CSDs causation was identified for repairmen and mechanics at mechanical assembly production; average causation was established for stampers, painters, laboratory assistants dealing with chemical analysis, crane operators, and turners.

Keywords: 
automotive industry, working conditions, occupational factors, workers, diseases of the circulatory system, risk, occupational causation
Valeeva E.T., Galimova R.R., Distanova A.A., Suleymanova I.F., Galiullina D.M., Boyarinova N.B., Salavatova L.Kh., Isaeva S.M. Work environment of the automotive industry as a risk factor of diseases of the circulatory system among workers. Health Risk Analysis, 2023, no. 2, pp. 95–103. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.09.eng
References: 
  1. Galimova R.R., Valeeva E.T., Distanova A.A., Girfanova L.V., Salavatova L.H., Gazizova N.R. Hygienic assessment of working conditions and health status of mechanical engineering worker. Meditsina truda i ekologiya cheloveka, 2020, no. 1, pp. 36–43 (in Russian).
  2. Lapko I.V., Kir’jakov V.A., Antoshina L.I., Pavlovskaya N.A., Kondratovich S.V. Influence of vibration, noise, physical exertion and unfavorable microclimate on carbohydrates metabolism in workers engaged into mining industry and machine building. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2014, no. 7, pp. 32–36 (in Russian).
  3. Synoda V.A. Hygenic estimation of the structure and level of the professional risk of main professions in production of railway coaches. Health Risk Analysis, 2015, no. 2, pp. 52–61. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2015.2.07.eng
  4. Balabanova L.A., Kamaev S.K., Imamov A.A., Radchenko O.R. Risk assessment of health disorders in employees at the machinery enterprise. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2020, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 76–79. DOI: 10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-76-79 (in Rus-sian).
  5. Osos Z.M., Solovyova V.V., Krupskaya D.A., Adonyeva O.S., Zhukova N.P., Amvrosiev P.A. Evaluation of the occupational risk to workers’ health engaged at mechanical engineering enterprises. Zdorov'e i okruzhayushchaya sreda, 2014, no. 24–2, pp. 68–73 (in Russian).
  6. Kriga A.S., Usatov A.N. Working conditions and health status of the employees of the enterprise of aeronautical engineering at the present stage. ZNiSO, 2011, no. 9 (222), pp. 6–8 (in Russian).
  7. Balabanova L.A., Imamov A.A., Zamalieva M.A., Kamaev S.K. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases for workers of engineering industry. Profilakticheskaya meditsina, 2016, vol. 19, no. 2–3, pp. 8–9 (in Russian).
  8. Melentyev A.V. Cardiovascular risk in workers of industrial enterprises. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 2011, no. 4, pp. 69a (in Russian).
  9. Telkova I.L. Occupational characteristics and cardiovascular diseases: the risk of development and the challenges for pre-vention. Clinical-epidemiological analysis. Sibirskii meditsinskii zhurnal (g. Tomsk), 2012, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 17–26 (in Russian).
  10. Sellers C.C. Hazards of the Job: From Industrial Disease to Environmental Health Science. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2000, 350 р.
  11. Revich B.A., Khar'kova T.L. Chem boleyut i ot chego gibnut rossiyane trudosposobnogo vozrasta [What do Russians of working age get sick with and die from?]. Demoskop Weekly, 2016, no. 691–692, pp. 1–20 (in Russian).
  12. Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V., Oshchepkova E.V., Shalnova S.A., Yarovaya E.B., Konradi A.O., Boytsov S.A., Kaveshnikov V.S. [et al.]. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Russian population of patients with arterial hypertension. Kardiologiya, 2014, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 4–12. DOI: 10.18565/cardio.2014.10.4-12 (in Russian).
  13. Caballero-George C. Natural products and cardiovascular health. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2018, 240 р.
  14. Tombs S., Carson W.G. The conventionalization of early factory crime. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 2005, vol. 3, issue sup. 1, pp. 103–125. DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2005.11667669
  15. Ismerov N.P., Skvirskaya G.P. Work conditions as risk factors of morbidity and mortality development due to cardio-vascular pathologies. Byulleten' Vostochno-Sibirskogo nauchnogo tsentra Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk, 2005, no. 2 (40), pp. 14–20 (in Russian).
  16. Oganov R.G., Kontsevaya A.V., Kalinina A.M. Economic burden of cardiovascular disease in the Russian Federation. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika, 2011, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 4–9. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2011-4-4-9 (in Russian).
  17. Gorichny V.A., Yazenok A.V., Ivanov M.B., Zagorodnikov G.G., Chepurnov V.A., Lazarenko D.Yu., Zhekalov A.N. Risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases in personnel of chemically hazardous objects. Vestnik Rossiiskoi voenno-meditsinskoi akademii, 2015, no. 2 (50), pp. 96–99 (in Russian).
  18. Driscoll T. 1372 The 2016 global burden of disease arising from occupational exposures. Occupational and Environ-mental Medicine, 2018, vol. 75, issue suppl. 2, pp. A142.
  19. Twentyman J. Wearable devices aim to reduce workplace accidents. Financial Times, 2016. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/d0bfea5c-f820-11e5-96db-fc683b5e52db (January 24, 2023).
  20. GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 2017, vol. 390, no. 10100, pp. 1345–1422. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
  21. Alekseeva T.S., Skripchenko A.E., Ogarkov M.Y., Yankin M.Y. The influence of the nature of the professional activity on the prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among workers of the railway depot. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya, 2013, no. 5–2, pp. 236–239 (in Russian).
  22. Zemlyanova M.A., Nosov A.E., Baidina A.S., Ustinova O.Yu., Tarantin A.V. Cardiovascular risk factors in workers of oil and gas extraction enterprises. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2012, no. 12, pp. 19–24 (in Russian).
  23. Kersten N., Backе E. Occupational noise and myocardial infarction: considerations on the interrelation of noise with job demands. Noise Health, 2015, vol. 17, no. 75, pp. 116–122. DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.153403
  24. Chang T.-Y., Liu C.-S., Young L.-H., Wang V.-S., Jian S.-E., Bao B.-Y. Noise frequency components and the preva-lence of hypertension in workers. Sci. Total Environ., 2012, vol. 416, pp. 89–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.071
  25. Balabanova L.A., Imamov A.A., Radchenko O.R., Kamaev S.K., Abdurakhmanova N.S., Ignatans E.V. Vliyanie sot-sial'no-bytovykh i proizvodstvennykh faktorov na zdorov'e rabotnikov mashinostroeniya [Influence of social and production factors on the health of civil engineering workers]. Aktual'nye voprosy profilakticheskoi meditsiny i sanitarno-epidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya: faktory, tekhnologii, upravlenie i otsenka riskov: sbornik nauchnykh trudov, iss. 2, Nizhny Novgorod, Medial', 2021, pp. 49–54 (in Russian).
  26. Lyubchenko P.N., Atamanchuk A.A. Assessment of the general and professional risks associated with development of hypertension in workers of engineering plants contacting with unhealthy industrial factors. Al'manakh klinicheskoi meditsiny, 2012, no. 27, pp. 72–76 (in Russian).
  27. Dzhambov A.M., Dimitrova D.D. Heart disease attributed to occupational noise, vibration and other co-exposure: Self-reported population-based survey among Bulgarian workers. Med. Pr., 2016, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 435–445. DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00437
  28. Palaghita A., Jost D., Despreaux T., Bougouin W., Beganton F., Loeb T., Tourtier J.P., Descatha A. Characteristics of cardiac arrest occurring in the workplace: A post hoc analysis of the Paris Area Fire Brigade Registry. J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2016, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 747–752. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000783
  29. Jousilahti P., Laatikainen T., Peltonen M., Borodulin K., Männistö S., Jula A., Salomaa V., Harald K. [et al.]. Primary prevention and risk factor reduction in coronary heart disease mortality among working aged men and women in eastern Finland over 40 years: population based observational study. BMJ, 2016, vol. 352, pp. i721. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i721
Received: 
05.12.2022
Approved: 
05.06.2023
Accepted for publication: 
23.06.2023

You are here

Home