Score estimate of covid-19 risks as per socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2021-4-2.pdf
UDC: 
614.4: 578.834
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.02.eng
Authors: 

T.S. Isiutina-Fedotkova, D.Yu. Kazieva, V.A. Sukhov, O.V. Mitrokhin

Organization: 

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, bldg. 2, 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

Epidemiologic situation remains a serious concern all over the world due to the coronavirus infection spread. It is vital to adhere to measure of non-specific COVID-19 prevention. According to literature data, the highest risks of the infection spread occur in public transport, retail outlets where foods and nonfoods are sold, medical organizations, and chemists’ shops.

Our research objects were socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators that were risk factors of the coronavirus infection. Our research aim was to substantiate a score estimate of the COVID-19 contagion risk based on socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators.

Questioning was applied to determine frequency of visiting public places and adherence to basic measurements of non-specific COVID-19 prevention; overall, 400 respondents took part in it. A questionnaire was developed by experts of the De-partment of General Hygiene at Sechenov University and contained questions aimed at revealing informative signs (risk factors) of the coronavirus infection spread. Cluster analysis was applied to group respondents’ questions and to identify informative signs for further development of a scale showing risk categories. Factor analysis in a form of principal component analysis was applied to questions that had the highest number of statistically significant indicators of Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

We developed a procedure for assessing risks of COVID-19 contagion according to socio-hygienic and behavioral in-dicators and substantiated risk categories. The most significant risk factors were indicators related to mandatory mask wearing when visiting specific social objects (risk objects); when taking trips by various means of public transport and duration of such trips; keeping social distance when visiting social objects. We performed score estimate of risk categories regarding COVID-19 contagion.

Keywords: 
pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus infection, risk factors, risk objects, risk categories, non-specific prevention, social distancing, obligatory mask wearing
Isiutina-Fedotkova T.S., Kazieva D.Yu., Sukhov V.A., Mitrokhin O.V. Score estimate of COVID-19 risks as per socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators. Health Risk Analysis, 2021, no. 4, pp. 16–24. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.02.eng
References: 
  1. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World health organization, 2020. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/table (21.04.2021).
  2. Pan X., Chen D., Xia Y., Wu X., Li T., Ou X., Zhou L., Liu J. Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 410–411. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30114-6
  3. Tong Z., Tang A., Li K., Li P., Wang H.-L., Yi J.-P., Zhang Y.-L., Yan J.-B. Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang Province, China, 2020. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 26, no. 5. DOI: 10.3201/eid2605.200198
  4. Wei W.E., Li Z., Chiew C.J., Yong S.E., Toh M.P., Lee V.J. Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – Singapore, January 23–March 16, 2020. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. (MMWR), 2020, vol. 69, no. 14, pp. 411–415. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e1external icon
  5. Nikolai L.A., Meyer C.G., Kremsner P.G., Velavan T.P. Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible. Inter. J. Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 100, pp. 112–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076
  6. COVID-19 situation in the WHO European region. World health organization, 2020. Available at: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/ead3c6475654481ca51c248d52ab9c61 (28.03.2021).
  7. WHO Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 – 16 March 2021. World health organization, 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---... (28.03.2021).
  8. The Front Line: Visualizing the Occupations with the Highest COVID-19 Risk, 2020. Available at: https://www.visual-capitalist.com/the-front-line-visualizing-the-occupat... (28.03.2021).
  9. Zisook R., Monnot A., Parker J., Gaffney S., Dotson S., Unice K. Assessing and managing the risks of COVID-19 in the workplace: Applying industrial hygiene (IH) /occupational and environmental health and safety (OEHS) frameworks. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2020, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 607–618. DOI: 10.1177/0748233720967522
  10. Luo K., Lei Z., Hai Z., Xiao S., Rui J., Yang H., Jing X., Wang H. [et al.]. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Public Transportation Vehicles: A Case Study in Hunan Province, China. Open Forum Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. ofaa430. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa430
  11. Gasmi A., Noor S., Tippairote T., Dadar M., Menzel A., Bjørklund G. Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin. Immunol., 2020, vol. 215, pp. 108409. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108409
  12. Guidance. Coronavirus (COVID-19): safer transport guidance for operators. Department for Transport, 2021. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-safer-tr... (28.03.2021).
  13. UKRI funds COVID-19 project on spread and control on public transport. UK Research and Innovation, 2020. Available at: https://www.ukri.org/news/ukri-funds-covid-19-project-on-spread-and-cont... (28.03.2021).
  14. O metropolitene [About subway]. GUP «Moskovskii metropoliten». Available at: https://gup.mosmetro.ru/o-metropolitene/ (16.03.2021) (in Russian).
  15. Wang M., Zhao R., Gao L., Gao X.-F., Wang D.-P., Cao J.-M. SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 2020, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 587269. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587269
  16. Leksin A.G., Evlampieva M.N., Timoshenkova E.V., Morgunov A.V., Kaptsov V.A. Microclimate condition in subway cars in the summer period of the year. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2015, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 63–66 (in Russian).
  17. El-Salamony M., Moharam A., Guaily A., Boraey M.A. Correction to: Air change rate effects on the airborne diseases spreading in Underground Metro wagons. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 2021, vol. 28, no. 24, pp. 31908. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13405-8
  18. Achievements of the Moscow Transport Complex in 2019 and plans for 2020. Moscow Transport, 2020. Available at: https://transport.mos.ru/common/upload/public/prezentacii/40/itogi-2019-... (16.03.2021).
  19. Shen Y., Li C., Dong H., Wang Z., Martinez L., Sun Z., Handel A., Chen Z. [et al.]. Community Outbreak Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Bus Riders in Eastern China. JAMA Intern. Med., 2020, vol. 180, no. 12, pp. 1665–1671. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.5225
  20. V kakom transporte samyi vysokii risk podkhvatit' koronavirus?: sait Moskovskogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta svyazi i informatiki [What means of transport create the highest risk of contracting coronavirus?: web-site of the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics]. Available at: https://mtuci.ru/about_the_university/news/2275/ (12.03.2021) (in Russian).
  21. Pandemiya i ekonomika goroda: kak Moskva reagiruet na novye vyzovy: onlain-lektsiya [Pandemic and city economy: how Moscow responds to new challenges: online lecture]. Moskovskii tsentr urbanistiki. Available at: https://centerurban.com/events/pandemiya-i-ekonomika-goroda-kak-mosk/ (28.03.2021) (in Russian).
  22. Ronca S.E., Sturdivant R.X., Barr K.L., Harris D. SARS-CoV-2 Viability on 16 Common Indoor Surface Finish Materials. Health Environ. Res. Design. J., 2021, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 49–64. DOI: 10.1177/1937586721991535
  23. Choi H., Chatterjee P., Coppin J.D., Martel J.A., Hwang M., Jinadatha C., Sharma V.K. Current understanding of the surface contamination and contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings. Environ. Chem. Lett., 2021, vol. 1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01186-y
  24. Anelich L.E.C.M., Lues R., Farber J.M., Parreira V.R. SARS-CoV-2 and Risk to Food Safety. Front Nutr., 2020, vol. 7, pp. 580551. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.580551
  25. Popova A.Yu., Bragina I.V., Zaitseva N.V., May I.V., Shur P.Z., Mitrokhin O.V., Goryaev D.V. On the scientific and meth-odological support of the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of the control and supervision activity of the Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2017, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 5–9. DOI: 10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-1-5-9 (in Russian).
  26. Novikov S.M., Fokin M.V., Unguryanu T.N. Actual problem of methodology and development of evidence-based health risk assessment associated with chemical exposure. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2016, vol. 95, no. 8, pp. 711–716. DOI: 10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-8-711-716 (in Russian).
  27. Analitika rynka internet-torgovli za 2020 god [Analytics of the e-commerce market for 2020]. Available at: https://www.shopolog.ru/metodichka/analytics/analitika-rynka-internet-to... (12.03.2021) (in Russian).
Received: 
17.05.2021
Accepted: 
12.10.2021
Published: 
30.12.2021

You are here

Home