On assessing risk factors that cause mortality due to malignant neoplasms among men living in industrial monotowns

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2021-3-6.pdf
UDC: 
614.2
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.06.eng
Authors: 

G.I. Tikhonova, M.S. Bryleva

Organization: 

Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

The paper dwells on examining mortality among men due to malignant neoplasms (MNs) in Russia and in Norilsk and Monchegorsk, two monotowns located in the Arctic zone with the only industry there being nickel production. Nickel is a well-known carcinogen.

Given rather small population numbers in these two towns, the authors calculated mortality due to MNs that was averaged over 8 years (2010–2017) for 5-year age groups and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for employable and post-employable ages as per this nosology in general and specific MNs localizations as well.

Mortality was comparatively analyzed in two male populations in the following pairs: Monchegorsk and Russia, Norilsk and Russia; the analysis was based on data on climatic peculiarities in the towns, working conditions at industrial enterprises, ecological situation, and socioeconomic features including an existing situation in public healthcare.

Socioeconomic welfare and public healthcare quality were close to average Russian ones in Monchegorsk, but SMR for employable population was higher than on average in the country: due to MNs in general, by 34.7 %; nickel-specific MNs such as MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 2.2 times; MNs in the stomach, by 1.5 times.

In Norilsk working conditions were similar to those in Monchegorsk but the environmental conditions were worse; still, mortality among employable population was lower: due to MNs in general, by 15.4 %; MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 14.0 %; due to MNs in the stomach, by 39.3 %. In comparison with Russia as a whole, mortality due to MNs was also lower at employable age but higher by 21.6 % at post-employable one.

A decrease in MNs-related mortality and carcinogenic effects becoming apparent at older ages were achieved due to organizing up-to-date oncologic aid in Norilsk including high-tech diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation procedures as well as due to higher living standards in the town.

Keywords: 
mortality, malignant neoplasms, nickel, monotowns, risk factors, high-tech medical aid
Tikhonova G.I., Bryleva M.S. On assessing risk factors that cause mortality due to malignant neoplasms among men living in industrial monotowns. Health Risk Analysis, 2021, no. 3, pp. 67–77. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.06.eng
References: 
  1. Boev V.M., Zelenina L.V., Kryazhev D.A., Tulina L.M., Neplokhov A.A. Analysis on exposure carcinogenic risk of environmental factors on health largest industrial cities and malignant tumors. Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya, 2017, no. 2, pp. 57–64 (in Russian).
  2. Schüz J., Olsson A. Towards the elimination of occupational cancers in the Russian Federation: cancer research for cancer prevention (Part 1). Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2019, no. 2, pp. 104–106. DOI: 10.31089/1026-9428-2019-2-104-106 (in Russian).
  3. May I.V., Kleyn S.V., Vekovshinina S.A., Khankhareev S.S., Madeeva E.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Dolgikh O.V. Hygi-enic assessment of carcinogenic risk and oncologic morbidity of population living on territories where industrial wastes from an ore mining and processing enterprise were stored. Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya, 2018, vol. 302, no. 5, pp. 40–47 (in Russian).
  4. Revich B.A. Population health risks in the chemical pollution hotspots of the arctic macroregion. Problemy prognozi-rovaniya, 2020, no. 2, pp. 148–157 (in Russian).
  5. Turner M.C., Krewski D., Diver W.R., Pope C.A. 3rd, Burnett R.T., Jerrett M., Marshall J.D., Gapstur S.M. Ambient Air Pollution and Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II. Environ Health Perspect, 2017, no. 125 (8), pp. 087013 : DOI: 10.1289/EHP1249
  6. National cancer control programs: policies and managerial guidelines, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, 2002. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42494 (06.09.2019).
  7. Chromium, Nickel and Welding. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, IARC Lyon, France, 1990, Vol. 49, 677 p.
  8. Bukhtiyarov I.V., Izmerov N.F., Tikhonova G.I., Churanova A.N., Gorchakova T.Yu., Bryleva M.S., Krutko A.A. Work conditions as a risk factor mortality increase in able-bodied population. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2017, no. 8, pp. 43–49 (in Russian).
  9. Nikanov A.N., Chashchin V.P. Hygienic assessment of exposure and determination of its value in production of nickel, copper and cobalt at mining and smelting complex in Kola high North. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2008, no. 10, pp. 9–14 (in Russian).
  10. Rocheva I.I., Leshtaeva N.R. Working conditions and health status of woman employed at the nickel production plants in kola polar region. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2008, no. 10, pp. 47–49 (in Russian).
  11. Syurin S.A., Gorbanev S.A. Influence of working conditions and duration of work on health of northern miners. Med-itsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2018, no. 5, pp. 44–49 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31089/1026-9428-2018-5-44-49
  12. Serebryakov P.V. Role of Ni-containing aerosols in development of gastro-intestinal malignant neoplasms. Rossiyskiy zhurnal gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii, 2007, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 78–84 (in Russian).
  13. Serebryakov P.V., Fedina I.N., Rushkevich O.P. Features of malignant neoplasms formation in respiratory system of workers engaged into mining and processing of copper-nickel ores. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2018, no. 9, pp. 9–15 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-9-9-15
  14. Nickel in the Human Environment. IARC Scientific Publications, IARC Lyon, France, 1984, vol. 53, 236 p.
  15. Grimsrud T.K., Andersen A. Unrecognized risks of nickel-related respiratory cancer among Canadian electrolysis workers. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2012, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 503–515. DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3274
  16. Pavela M., Uitti J., Pukkala E. Cancer incidence among copper smelting and nickel refining workers in Finland. Am. J. Ind. Med., 2017, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 87–95. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22662
  17. Babanov S.A., Budash D.S., Baykova A.G., Ryzhova N.S. Occupational malignant tumors of the lungs and other or-gans and potentially dangerous industrial carcinogens. Consilium Medicum, 2017, no. 11, pp. 39–46 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.11.39-46
  18. Gurvich V.B., Kuz'min S.V., Lipatov G.Ya., Adrianovskiy V.I., Zebzeeva N.V., Beresneva O.Yu., Bushueva T.V., Ruzakov V.O. The results of the evaluation of carcinogenic hazard with a phased implementation of a set of sanitary and medical preventive measures in the context of copper smelting enterprises. Vestnik Ural'skoy meditsinskoy akademicheskoy nauki, 2015, no. 2, pp. 43–46 (in Russian).
  19. Sostoyanie onkologicheskoy pomoshchi na territorii Murmanskoy oblasti. Rossiyskaya assotsiatsiya palliativnoy med-itsiny, 2019. Available at: https://palliamed.ru›files/download/file1231.html (06.09.2019) (in Russian).
  20. Marshrutizatsiyu onkopatsientov i rabotu tsentrov onkologicheskoy pomoshchi (TsAOP) obsudili mediki Krasnoyar-skogo kraya. Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya Krasnoyarskogo kraya, 2020. Available at: https://kraszdrav.ru/news/8622 (13.02.2020) (in Russian).
  21. Artyunina G.P., Chashchin V.P., Ignat'kova S.A., Ostapyak Z.N., Nikanov A.N., Talykova L.V. [et al.]. Problemy professional'noj patologii v nikel'kobal'tovoj promyshlennosti [Problems of occupational pathology in the nickel-cobalt industry]. Gigiena i sanitariya, 1998, no. 1, pp. 9–13 (in Russian).
  22. Ciannameo V., Ricceri F., Soldati S., Scarnato C., Gerosa A., Giacomozzi G., d’Errico A. Cancer mortality and expo-sure to nickel and chromium compounds in a cohort of Italian electroplaters. Am. J. Ind. Med., 2019, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 99–110. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22941
  23. Tikhonova G.I., Gorchakova T.Yu., Churanova A.N. Mortality among able-bodied population in industrial cities in ac-cordance with specific enterprise forming a company city. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya, 2013, no. 10, pp. 9–15 (in Russian).
  24. Ananina O.A., Pisareva L.F., Odintsova I.N., Khristenko E.L., Popkova A.G., Khristenko I.D. Cancer incidence among population of Norilsk. Formation of high risk groups for cancer. Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal, 2013, no. 4, pp. 58–61 (in Russian).
  25. Goryaev D.V., Tikhonova I.V. Peculiarities of territorial distribution and dynamics in rates of population noncom-municable diseases in the Krasnoyarsk region associated with the influence of environmental risk factors. Health Risk Analysis, 2016, no. 4, pp. 54–63. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2016.4.07.eng
  26. Karasev V.V., Dettsel' A.E., Shtarik V.A., Dykhno Yu.A. Zabolevaemost' naseleniya Noril'skogo promyshlennogo raiona rakom legkogo [Morbidity with lung cancer among population living in Norilsk industrial region]. Voprosy onkologii, 1992, vol. 11, no. 38, pp. 1340–1344 (in Russian).
  27. Egorova A.G., Orlov A.E., Vozdvizhenskiy M.O., Kozlov S.V. State of the oncological care for population of the Samara region and the directions of its improvement. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy, 2016, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 158–164 (in Russian). DOI: 10.12737/18502
  28. Edwards B.K., Ward E., Kohler B.A., Eheman C., Zauber A.G., Anderson R.N., Jemal A., Schymura M.J. et al. Annu-al report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer, 2010, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 544–573. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24760
  29. Loud J.T., Murphy J. Cancer Screening and Early Detection in the 21st Century. Semin. Oncol. Nurs., 2017, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 121–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.002
Received: 
06.02.2021
Accepted: 
27.07.2021
Published: 
30.09.2021

You are here

Home