Health risk analysis as per radiation and chemical factors in a zone influenced by a nuclear legacy object in the north-western part of Russia
S.M. Kiselev, N.K. Shandala, T.N. Lashchenova, Yu.N. Zozul, V.V. Shlygin, T.I. Gimadova, A.N. Malakhova
State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
Rehabilitation programs for nuclear legacy objects in north-western regions in Russia involve decommissioning; a former coast technical support base belonging to the RF Navy and located on the Gremikha peninsula in Murmansk region is now being removed from service. At present spent nuclear fuel is being extracted from ship reactors with liquid-metal coolant and nuclear wastes that have been accumulated during active operations are being treated. The current activities at the site result in complex influence on the environment determined by both radiation and non-radiation contaminants.
The present work focuses on examining a hygienic situation existing in residential areas located close to this nuclear legacy object. In general, radiation situation in residential areas is determined by technogenic contaminants, basically 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides.
Our research has revealed that at the moment their contents in the environmental objects correspond to background levels that are typical for the examined region. Chemical contamination detected in residential areas is characterized with elevated heavy metals contents (Cd, As, Pb, V, Zn, Cu etc.) in soils in urban settlements that are higher than background levels. We detected lead and zinc concentrations that were higher than MPC. Total soil contamination with heavy metals (Zc) is still «permissible» in most residential areas. Carcinogenic health risk for people living in the examined residential areas does not exceed 10-6 as per radiation and chemical factors.
Research results allow assessing the current hygienic situation as normal and concluding that decommissioning of SZC «SevRAO» objects (Gremikha section) does not exert negative impacts on the environment and health of people living in residential areas located nearby. The obtained data give grounds for controlling activities when environmental monitoring is accomplished during works aimed at recovering contaminated areas where nuclear legacy objects are located.
- Linge I.I., Vorob'eva L.M., Shashina T.A. The structure of environmental risk factors to the population's health in the Kolsky north. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2009, no. 5, pp. 51–54 (in Russian).
- Smith G.M., Smith K.L., Kowe R., Pérez-Sánchez D., Molinero J. Recent developments in assessment of long-term radionuclide behavior in the geosphere-biosphere subsystem. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2012, vol. 131, pp. 89–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.018
- Sneve M.K., Popic J.M., Siegien-Iwaniuk K. Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites: The Process from Recognition to Resolution. Report of an international workshop. Lillehammer, 2017, 115 p.
- Kotenko K.V., Shandala N.K. Problems of nuclear heritage regulation (review). Saratovskii nauchno-meditsinskii zhurnal, 2013, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 811–815 (in Russian).
- Panov A.V., Sanzharova N.I., Perevolotskii A.N., Perevolotskaya T.V., Naumov V.S. Analysis of the current national regulatory system EOF radiation safety of public and radiation protection of environment nearby facilities and sites outside the facilities contaminated with artificial and natural radionuclides due to their past operation. Radiatsiya i risk, 2017, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 107–121 (in Russian).
- Blinova L.D., Dushin V.N. Methodological approaches to environmental risk assessment under nu-clear facilities normal operation, comparative risk assessment. Trudy radievogo instituta im. V.G. Khlopina, 2003, vol. 10, pp. 92–105 (in Russian).
- Arutyunyan R.V., Grachev V.A. Risk-oriented approach to analysis of safety living in the vicinity of atomic energy facilities. Review. Radiatsiya i risk, 2018, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 117–140 (in Russian).
- Radioekologicheskaya obstanovka v regionakh raspolozheniya predpriyatii Rosatoma [Radio-ecological situation in regions where Rosatom enterprises are located]. In: I.I. Linge, I.I. Krysheva eds. Moscow, «SAMpoligrafist» Publ., 2015, 296 p. (in Russian).
- Rakhmanin Yu.A., Ivanov S.I., Novikov S.M., Revazova Yu.A., Rusakov N.V. Topical problems of the comprehensive hygienic characterization of urban environmental factors and their influence on the population's health. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2007, no. 5, pp. 5–8 (in Russian).
- Biblin A.M., Zykova I.A., Koroleva T.M., Nikolaevich M.S. Methodological approaches to assessments of health risks in hygienic research. Radiatsionnaya gigiena, 2013, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 32–38 (in Russian).
- Panchenko S.V., Arakelyan A.A., Vedernikova M.V., Potsyapun N.P., Kargin O.A., Sikora O.N., Stepanova U.G. Comparative assessment of radiation and chemical risks in the city of Angarsk. Radiatsiya i risk, 2017, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 83–96 (in Russian).
- Novikov S.M., Shashina T.A., Dodina N.S., Kislitsin V.A., Skovronskaya S.A., Matsyuk A.V., Panchenko S.V., Arakelyan A.A. The experience of empirical research on comparative assessment of radiation and chemical health risks due to exposure to environmental factors. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2019, vol. 98, no. 12, pp. 1425–1431 (in Russian).
- Belyaev E.N., Fokin M.V., Novikov S.M., Prusakov V.M., Shashina T.A., Shayakhmetov S.F. Actual problems of improving the assessment of health risk for assurance of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being. Gigiena i sanitariya, 2013, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 53–55 (in Russian).
- Romanovich I.K. Termination of the nuclear and radiation legacy of Russia: scientific basis for the radiation-hygienic regulation. Radiatsionnaya gigiena, 2019, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 114–119 (in Russian).
- Muratov O.E. Yadernoe nasledie na Severo-Zapade Rossii. Problemy i resheniya [Nuclear legacy in north-western Russia. Problems and solutions]. Atomnaya strategiya, 2019, no. 147, pp. 7–11 (in Russian).
- Shandala N.K., Kiselev S.M., Titov A.V. Scientific and practical experience of supervisory activities in the field of the public and environmental protection at the Russian nuclear legacy sites. Radiatsionnaya gigiena, 2019, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 83–96 (in Russian).
- Kiselev S.M., Akhromeev S.V., Geras'kin S.A., Udalova A.A., Starinskii V.G., Shlygin V.V., Gimadova T.I., Shandala N.K. Assessment of natural environment at nuclear legacy sites are located in far eastern region of Russia. Voprosy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti, 2017, no. 4 (88), pp. 27–42 (in Russian).
- Publikatsiya 103 Mezhdunarodnoi Komissii po radiatsionnoi zashchite (MKRZ) [Publication 103 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection]. In: M.F. Kiselev, N.K. Shandala eds. Moscow, OOO PKF «Alana» Publ., 2009, 344 p. (in Russian).
- Kiselev S.M., Shlygin V.V., Akhromeev S.V., Lashchenova T.N., Starinskaya R., Gimadova T.I., Zozul Ju., Shandala N.K. Regulatory supervision during decommissioning & dismantling of nuclear submarines in the Russian Northwest. Seventh International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research. Book of Abstracts, 2019, pp. 342.
- Ofitsial'nyi sait Pravitel'stva Murmanskoi oblasti [Murmansk regional government – the official web-site]. Pravitel'stvo Murmanskoi oblasti. Available at: https://gov-murman.ru/ (10.07.2020) (in Russian).
fcrisk.ru
