Description of biologigal factor in occupational environmnet of medical organizations that causes risks of hospital-acquired infections

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2019-4-13.pdf
UDC: 
616-036.22: 615.5
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2019.4.13.eng
Authors: 

G.G. Badamshina1,2, V.B. Ziatdinov1,2, L.M. Fatkhutdinova2, B.A. Bakirov3, S.S. Zemskova1, M.A. Kirillova1

Organization: 

1Center for hygiene and epidemiology in Republic of Tatarstan, 13a Sechenova Str., Kazan', 420061, Russian Federation
2Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova Str., Kazan', 420012, Russian Federation
3Bashkir State Medical University, 47 Zaki Validi Str., Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

There is a pressing issue related to biological factors that influence medical workers’ health and cause risks of hospital-acquired infections including those occurring among patients. Given that, we applied conventional techniques to perform microbiological examinations aimed at detecting and identifying microorganisms that circulate in the air inside hospitals. Microorganisms detected in the air in areas where medical personnel performed their working tasks were identified with chromogenic nutrient media and microbiological analyzers. To fully characterize microorganisms, we performed certain tests that allowed determining how sensitive the detected strains were to common anti-bacterial preparations.

As a result, we revealed that priority strains detected in the air inside medical organizations were those belonging to Staphylococcaceae and Micrococcaceae families. These microorganisms caused high risks of purulent septic infections. We also detected bacteria that belonged to normal human microflora such as Acinetobacterspp. and Streptococcusspp., as well as gram-negative bacteria, notably Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia, Ochrobacteriumspp., Pantoeaspp., and Pausterellaspp.

Staphylococcusspp. and Micrococcusspp. turned out to be resistant to oxacillin and erythromycin; gram-negative bacteria, to ceftazidime and amikacin; non-fermentative bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae family, to a combination of anti-bacterial preparation. It proves there is a necessity to examine qualitative properties of biological factors existing in medical organizations. We revealed that Streptococcusspp. were strongly resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, imipenem, and cefepime; Acinetobacterspp., strongly resistant to cephalosporin (ceftazidime, cefepime), and they were moderately resistant to monobactam (aztreonam); Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia, to ceftazidime and aztreonam, and in certain cases, to cefepime, amikacin, imipenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin; Ochrobacteriumspp., to cefepime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and ceftazidime; Pantoeaspp. and Pausterellaspp. tended to have various resistance. All it means that the given strains circulating in the air inside medical organizations are more resistant than they are considered to be according to literature data.

Keywords: 
microorganisms, air, biological factor, medical workers, resistance to antibiotics, microbiological examinations, antibiotics, medical organizations, hospital-acquired infections, resistance of microorganisms
Badamshina G.G., Ziatdinov V.B., Fatkhutdinova L.M., Bakirov B.A., Zemskova S.S., Kirillova M.A. Description of biologi-gal factor in occupational environment of medical organizations that causes risks of hospital-acquired infections. Health Risk Analysis, 2019, no. 4, pp. 122–128. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2019.4.13.eng
References: 
  1. Zharova L.V., Andreeva S.V., Bakhareva L.I., Egorova E.R., Titova M.V., Vlasova A.P. Characteristic of Species Composition and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Wound Infection in Different Departments of Surgery. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2015, vol. 376, no. 21, pp. 59–64 (in Russian).
  2. Annual Epidemiological Report 2011. Reporting on 2009 surveillance data and 2010 epidemic intelligence data. Stock-holm, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011, 239 p.
  3. Afanas'ev S.S., Karaulov A.V., Aleshkin V.A., Voropaeva E.A., Afanas'ev M.S., Nesvizhskii Yu.V., Egorova E.A., Aleshkin A.V. [et al.]. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance as an objective diagnostic and epidemiological criteria of infectious process. Immunopatologiya, allergologiya, infektologiya, 2014, no. 4, pp. 61–69 (in Russian).
  4. Stokes H.W., Gillings M.R. Gene flow, mobile genetic elements and the recruitment of antibiotic resistance genes into Gram-negative pathogens. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 2011, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 790–819. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00273.x
  5. Gabrielyan N.I., Gorskaya E.M., Spirina T.S., Prudnikova S.A., Romashkina L.Yu. The study of antibiotic- and fagosensitivity of nosocomial strains bacteria isolated from transplanted patients. Vestnik transplantologii i iskusstvennykh organov, 2011, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 26–32 (in Russian).
  6. Gonzalez-Villoria A.M., Valverde-Garduno V. Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Increasing Success Remains a Challenge as a Nosocomial Pathogen. J. Pathog., 2016, no. 2016, pp. 7318075. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7318075
  7. Bokonbaeva S.D., Apsamatova N.M. Antibiotic susceptibility etiologically significant microbial flora in acute obstructive bronchitis in children of early age. Vestnik KGMA im. I.K. Akhunbaeva, 2016, no. 6, pp. 104–108 (in Russian).
  8. Al Tayyar I.A., Al-Zoubi M.S., Hussein E., Khudairat S., Sarosiekf K. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from clinical specimens in Northern of Jordan. Iran J. Microbiol., 2015, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 294–301.
  9. Jahani-Sherafat S., Razaghi M., Rosenthal V.D., Tajeddin E., Seyedjavadi S., Rashidan M., Alebouyeh M., Rostampour M. [et al.]. Device-associated infection rates and bacterial resistance in six academic teaching hospitals of Iran: Findings from the International Nocosomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). J. Infect. Public. Health, 2015, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 553–561. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.04.028
  10. Panda R.K., Mahapatra A., Mallick B., Chayani N. Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Odisha. J. Clin. Diagn. Res, 2016, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 19–21. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17476.7278
  11. Abdollahi A., Mahmoudzadeh S. Microbial Profile of Air Contamination in Hospital Wards. Iranian Journal of Pathology, 2012, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 177–182.
  12. Sapkota B., Gupta G.K., Shrestha S.K., Pradhan A., Karki P., Thapa A. Microbiological burden in air culture at various units of a tertiary care government hospital in Nepal. Australas Med. J., 2016, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2015.2558
  13. Wolfe D.F., Sinnett S., Vossler J.L., Przepiora J., Engbretson B.G. Bacterial colonization of respiratory therapists pens in the intensive care unit. Respir Care, 2009, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 500–503.
  14. Brändle G., L'Huillier A.G., Wagner N., Gervaix A., Wildhaber B.E., Lacroix L. First report of Kocuria marina spon-taneous peritonitis in a child. BMC Infect Dis., 2014, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 3835. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0719-5
  15. Moreira J.S., Riccetto A.G., Silva M.T., Vilela M.M. [et al.]. Endocarditis by Kocuriarosea in an immunocompetent child. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 2015, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 82–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.007
  16. Sohn K.M., Baek J.Y., Kim S.H., Cheon S., Kim Y.S. Catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuriasalsicia: the first case. J. Infect. Chemother., 2015, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 305–307. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.005
  17. Moissenet D., Becker K., Mérens A., Ferroni A., Dubern B., Vu-Thien H. Persistent bloodstream infection with Kocuria rhizophila related to a damaged central catheter. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2012, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1495–1498. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.06038-11
  18. Szczerba I. Susceptibility to antibiotics of bacteria from genera Micrococcus, Kocuria, Nesterenkonia, Kytococcus and Dermacoccus. Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol., 2003, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 75–80.
  19. Gordinskaya N.A., Sabirova E.V., Abramova N.V., Karaseva G.N., Nekaeva E.S. Antibiotics sensitivity and molecular mechanisms of resistance of Acine to bacter baumanii, infectious agents of burn-wound infection. Meditsinskii al'manakh, 2015, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 99–101 (in Russian).
  20. Kishii K., Kikuchi K., Tomida J., Kawamura Y., Yoshida A., Okuzumi K., Moriya K. The first cases of human bacteremia caused by Acine to bacter seifertii in Japan. J. Infect. Chemother., 2016, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 342–345. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.002
  21. Mitharwal S.M., Yaddanapudi S., Bhardwaj N., Gautam V., Biswal M., Yaddanapudi L. Intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital: An epidemiologic survey and influence on patient outcomes. Am. J. Infect. Control., 2016, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 113–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.021
  22. Brooke J.S. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2012, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 2–41. DOI:10.1128/CMR.00019-11
  23. Huang Y.W., Lin C.W., Ning H.C., Lin Y.T., Chang Y.C., Yang T.C. Overexpression of Sme DEF Efflux Pump De-creases Aminoglycoside Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2017, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. e02685–e02716. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02685-16
  24. Ashraf F. A case of Ochrobactrum anthropi-induced septic shock and infective endocarditis. R. I. Med. J. (2013), 2016, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 27–28.
  25. Seki M., Sakata T., Toyokawa M., Nishi I., Tomono K. A Chronic Respiratory Pasteurella multocida Infection Is Well-Controlled by Long-Term Macrolide Therapy. Intern Med., 2016, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 307–310. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.4929
  26. Yamada K., Kashiwa M., Arai K., Satoyoshi K., Nishiyama H. Pantoeacalida bacteremia in an adult with end-stage stomach cancer under inpatient care. J. Infect. Chemother., 2017, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 407–409. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.01.001
Received: 
26.07.2019
Accepted: 
27.11.2019
Published: 
30.12.2019

You are here

Home