Consequences which mothers' irrasiation has: Risks of children's congenital malformations

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2018-1-6.pdf
UDC: 
613.95:616-007-053.1:614.876
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2018.1.06.eng
Authors: 

S.F. Sosnina, P.V. Okatenko

Organization: 

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 19 Ozerskoe shosse, g. Ozersk, 456780, Russian Federation

Abstract: 

It is vital to examine radiation-induced effects in children whose parents were exposed to radiation at their workplaces as it allows to work out standards for technogenic irradiation doses permissible for people in their reproductive age. It also helps to predict adverse consequences of parents being exposed to radiation for their children. Our goal was to analyze congenital mal-formations (CM) in children whose mothers were employed at "Mayak" Production Association (Mayak PA) and had accumulated pre-conception external gamma-radiation doses. Retrospective examination was performed on 1,190 people born in 1949-1969, 238 of them being children of female workers employed at radiation-hazardous production. We achieved maximum comparability of groups made of children population living in Ozersk in terms of age, birth year, and parents' age at a childbirth, via careful sampling. CM frequency was compared with χ² criterion, Fisher's exact criterion. We calculated odds relations (OR) with 95% confidence interval. To detect any latent factors, we applied factor analysis via principal components method with consequent Varimax normalized rotation. Gonads in female workers employed at Mayak PA were exposed to external gamma-radiation doses within 0.09–3523.7 mGy range; average accumulated dose was equal to 373.6±34.2 mGy. Each tenth child in a group of children born by irradiated mothers was born by a mother who had an accumulated pre-conception external gamma-radiation dose on her gonads which was higher than 1 Gy. CM comparative analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of CM frequency in general and as per various nosologic forms. OR in general was equal to 0.86 (0.46–1.59); 0.88 (0.35–2.2) among boys; 0,84 (0.36–1.94) among girls. We also detected difference in CM structure: CM of the nervous system, respiratory organs (23% each), and the musculoskeletal system CM (15.3% among all the malformations) prevailed among all the CM in children born by irradiated mothers; CM of the musculoskeletal system (23.3%) and the nervous system (21.7%) were most widely spread among children born by intact parents. We also noted there were gender discrepancies in the CM structure in the compared groups. We didn't register any chromosome pathologies in both groups. CM were diagnosed in those children born by those irradiated mothers whose gonads were exposed to accumulated pre-conception external gamma-radiation doses within 1.9–1635.5 mGy, with average dose being equal to 307.5 mGy. Factor analysis performed on children born by female workers employed at atomic production revealed four factors which characterized pre-concepption mothers' irradiation (21.5% dis-persion), antenatal children's period (17.1% dispersion), obstetrician-gynecological case history (12.9% dispersion), and mothers' bad habits, namely alcohol intake and smoking (11%) dispersion). Given all the detected peculiarities, it is highly advisory to continue research on larger children's groups and longer observations periods.

Keywords: 
congenital malformations, children, radiation exposure, pre-conception irradiation, reproductive age, odds relation, factor analysis
Sosnina S.F., Okatenko P.V. Consequences which mothers' irrasiation has: risks of children's congenital malformations. Health Risk Analysis, 2018, no. 1, pp. 47–58. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2018.1.06.eng
References: 
  1. Rusinova G.G., Glazkova I.V., Azizova T.V., Osovets S.V., Vyazovskaya N.S. Izuchenie nestabil'nosti ge-noma potomkov v sem'yakh rabotnikov PO «Mayak»: Minisatellit SEV 1 [Analysis of genome instability in off-spring of Mayak workers' families: Minisatellite CEB]. Genetika, 2014, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1354–1362 (in Russian).
  2. Baleva L.S., Nomura T., Sipiagina A.E., Karakhan N.M., Iakusheva E.N., Egorova N.I. Tsitogeneticheskie effekty i vozmozhnosti ikh transgeneratsionnoi peredachi v pokoleniiakh lits, prozhivaiushchikh v regionakh radi-onuklidnogo zagriazneniia posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES [Cytogenetic effects and possibilities of their transgenerational transfer in the generations of persons living in radionuclide polluted areas after the Chernobyl accident]. Rossiiskii vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii, 2016, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 87–94 (in Russian).
  3. Sadetzki S., Flint-Richter P. Transgenerational effects of parental exposure to ionizing radiation. Hare-fuah, 2006, vol. 145, no 7, pp. 516–521.
  4. Koterov A.N., Biryukov A.P. Deti uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi atomnoi el-ektrostantsii. Soobshchenie 2. Chastota otklonenii i patologii i ikh svyaz' s neradiatsionnymi faktorami [The Off-spring of Liquidators of Chernobyl Atomic Power Station Accident 2. The Frequency of Anomalies and Patholo-gies and its Connection to Non-Radiation Factors]. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost'. 2012, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 51–77 (in Russian).
  5. Otake M., Schull W.J., Neel J.V. Congenital Malformations, Stillbirths, and Early Mortality among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Reanalysis. Radiat. Res., 1990, vol. 122, pp. 1–11.
  6. Tatsukawa Y., Cologne J.B., Hsu W.L., Yamada M., Ohishi W., Hida A., Furukawa K., Takahashi N., Nakamura N., Suyama A., Ozasa K., Akahoshi M., Fujiwara S., Shore R. Radiation risk of individual multifactorial diseases in offspring of the atomic-bomb survivors: a clinical health study. J. Radiol. Prot., 2013, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 281–293.
  7. Signorello L.B., Mulvihill J.J., Green D.M., Munro H.M., Stovall M., Weathers R.E., Mertens A.C., Whitton J.A., Robison L.L., Boice J.D. Congenital anomalies in the children of cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J. Clin. Oncol, 2012, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 239–245.
  8. Lim H., Beasley C.W., Whitehead L.W., Emery R.J., Agopian A.J., Langlois P.H., Waller D.K. Mater-nal exposure to radiographic exams and major structural birth defects. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol, 2016, vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 563–572.
  9. Osipov V.A., Lyaginskaya A.M., Petoyan I.M., Ermalitskii A.P., Karelina N.M. Vrozhdennye poroki razvitiya u detei personala Smolenskoi AES i ikh svyaz' s professional'nym oblucheniem ottsov [Innate Develop-ment Defects in Children of Smolensk NPP Personnel and their Connection with the Occupational Exposure to the Fathers]. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost', 2014, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 18–24 (in Russian).
  10. Lim H., Agopian A.J., Whitehead L.W., Beasley C.W., Langlois P.H., Emery R.J., Waller D.K. Mater-nal occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and major structural birth defects. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol,2015, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 243–254.
  11. Green L.M., Dodds L., Miller A.B., Tomkins D.J., Li J., Escobar M. Risk of congenital anomalies in children of parents occupationally exposed to low level ionising radiation. Occup. Environ. Med., 1997, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 629–635.
  12. Wiesel A., Stolz G., Queisser-Wahrendorf A. Evidence for a teratogenic risk in the offspring of health personnel exposed to ionizing radiation?! Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 2016, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 475–479.
  13. Koshurnikova N.A., Shil'nikova N.S., Okatenko P.V., Kreslov V.V., Bolotnikova M.G., Sokol'nikov M.E., Romanov S.A., Khokhryakov V.F., Suslova K.G., Vasilenko E.K. Kharakteristika kogorty rabochikh atomnogo predpriyatiya PO «Mayak» (chast' II) [Description of the Cohort of the Nuclear Industry Enterprise «Mayak» PA (Part II)]. Voprosy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti, 1998, no. 3, pp. 48–58 (in Russian).
  14. Sosnina S.F., Kabirova N.R., Okatenko P.V., Rogacheva S.A., Tsareva Yu.V., Gruzdeva E.A., Sokol'nikov M.E. Registr zdorov'ya detskogo naseleniya g. Ozerska: rezul'taty razrabotki, printsipy vedeniya, vozmozhnosti i perspektivy [Ozyorsk children’s health registry: development results, management guidelines, potential and prospects]. Meditsina ekstremal'nykh situatsii, 2017, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 95–103 (in Russian).
  15. Vasilenko E.K. Dozimetriya vneshnego oblucheniya rabotnikov PO «Mayak»: pribory, metody, rezu-l'taty [The sources and the effects of exposure of PA “Mayak” workers and the population living in the zone of the enterprise influence]. Istochniki i effekty oblucheniya rabotnikov PO «Mayak» i naseleniya, prozhivayushchego v zone vliyaniya predpriyatiya [Sources and effects of irradiation exerted on workers employed at "Mayak" Produc-tion Association and population living in a zone influenced by it]. In: M.F. Kiselev, S.A. Romanov, eds. Chelya-binsk, Chelyabinskii dom pechati Publ., 2009, part 1, pp. 51–100 (in Russian).
  16. Mezhdunarodnaya statisticheskaya klassifikatsiya boleznei i problem, svyazannykh so zdorov'em. Desyatyi peresmotr, tom 1 (chast' 2) [International Diseases Classification. Tenth Revision, volume 1 (part 2)]. Moscow, Medicina Publ., 1995, 633 p. (in Russian).
  17. Bureeva N.N. Mnogomernyi statisticheskii analiz s ispol'zovaniem PPP «Statistica» [The multivariate statistical analysis using the software package "Statistica"]. Nizhnii Novgorod, 2007, 112 p. (in Russian).
  18. Domanin E.I., Volosnikov D.K., Maslennikova N.V., Bogdanova L.B. Chastota porokov golovnogo mozga u novorozhdennyh [The frequency of brain malformations in newborns]. Rossiiskii vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii, 2000,vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 28–31 (in Russian).
  19. Poretti A., Huisman T.A.G.M., Boltshauser E. Congenital brain abnormalities: an update on malfor-mations of cortical development and infratentorial malformations. Seminars in Neurology, 2014, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 239–248.
  20. Baibarina E.N., Sorokina Z.Kh., Kogan E.A. Analiz faktorov, opredelyayushchikh razlichiya perina-tal'nykh poter' pri vrozhdennykh anomaliyakh razvitiya v regionakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii (po dannym gosudar-stvennoi i vedomstvennoi statistiki) [The analysis of the factors defining distinctions of perinatal losses at congeni-tal anomalies of development in regions of the Russian Federation (according to the state and departmental statis-tics)]. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii, 2012, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 7–11 (in Russian).
  21. Demikova N.S., Lapina A.S. Vrozhdennye poroki razvitiya v regionakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii (itogi monitoringa za 2000–2010 gg.) [Congenital malformations in the regions of the Russian Federation: Results of monitoring results for 2000–2010]. Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii, 2012, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 91–98 (in Russian).
  22. Publikatsiya 103 Mezhdunarodnoi Komissii po radiatsionnoi zashchite (MKRZ) [Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103]. In: M.F. Kiselev, N.K. Shandala, eds. – Moscow, OOO PKF «Alana» Publ., 2009, 344 p. (in Russian).
  23. Malagoli C., Crespi C.M., Rodolfi R., Signorelli C., Poli M., Zanichelli P., Fabbi S., Teggi S., Garavelli L., Astolfi G., Calzolari E., Lucenti C., Vinceti M. Maternal exposure to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines and the risk of birth defects. Bioelectromagnetics, 2012, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 405–409.
  24. Makelarski J.A., Romitti P.A., Rocheleau C.M., Burns T.L., Stewart P.A., Waters M.A., Lawson C.C., Bell E.M., Lin S., Shaw G.M., Olney R.S. Maternal periconceptional occupational pesticide exposure and neural tube defects. Birth. Defects. Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 2014, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 877–886.
  25. Snijder C.A., Vlot I.J., Burdorf A., Obermann-Borst S.A., Helbing W.A., Wildhagen M.F., Steegers E.A., Steegers-Theunissen R.P. Congenital heart defects and parental occupational exposure to chemicals. Hum. Reprod., 2012, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1510–1517.
  26. Vermes G., Laszlo D., Matrai A., Czeizel A.E., Acs N. Maternal factors in the origin of isolated anorectal malformations – a population-based case-control study. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med., 2016, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 2316–2321.
  27. Sullivan P.M., Dervan L.A., Reiger S., Buddhe S., Schwartz S.M. Risk of congenital heart defects in the offspring of smoking mothers: a population-based study. J. Pediatr, 2015, vol. 166, no. 4, pp. 978–984.
  28. Nimgirova A.S., Naberezhnaya Zh.B., Serdyukov A.G. Faktory razvitiya vrozhdennykh porokov u detei [Factors of congenital malformations in children]. Zhurnal nauchnykh statei «Zdorov'e i obrazovanie v XXI veke», 2016, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 205–208 (in Russian).
  29. Harris B.S., Bishop K.C., Kemeny H.R., Walker J.S., Rhee E., Kuller J.A. Risk Factors for Birth Defects. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 2017, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 123–135.
Received: 
31.01.2018
Accepted: 
16.03.2018
Published: 
30.03.2018

You are here

Home