Индивидуальные стратегии снижения рисков для здоровья в условиях высокой эпидемиологической опасности (обзор зарубежных исследований)

Файл статьи: 
Иконка PDF health-risk-analysis-2023-3-18.pdf
УДК: 
316.62:: 616.9;614.4
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.18
Авторы: 

С.А. Судьин

Организация: 

Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, Россия, 614990, г. Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

Аннотация: 

Пандемия коронавирусной инфекции, сформировавшая повышенные риски для здоровья и жизни жителей подавляющего большинства стран мира, определила необходимость как глобальной перестройки деятельности социальных институтов, так и адаптации повседневных поведенческих практик населения к новым реалиям. Рядовые граждане столкнулись с задачей выбора оптимальной модели самосохранения, позволяющей максимально снизить риски для здоровья. В работе предложен обзор эмпирических зарубежных исследований поведения населения в сфере здоровья в период пандемии COVID-19 с целью типизации индивидуальных стратегий снижения рисков для здоровья.

Протективное поведение населения в пандемию находилось под влиянием социокультурных, социально-демографических и индивидуально-личностных факторов. При этом влияние факторов микроуровня (возраста, уровня образования) могло иметь неодинаковый характер в различных странах. Высокий уровень медицинской грамотности являлся фактором выбора протективной модели поведения вне зависимости от иных характеристик.

Выделяются три стратегии снижения рисков для здоровья в условиях высокой эпидемиологической опасности: 1) стратегия максимальной протекции, характеризующаяся соблюдением большинства медицинских рекомендаций по профилактике заражения коронавирусной инфекцией; 2) стратегия доминирующей протекции, отличающаяся соблюдением базовых рекомендаций (ношение маски, частое мытье рук, самоизоляция); 3) смешанная стратегия, предполагающая, с одной стороны, периодическое следование некоторым рекомендациям по профилактике заражения, а с другой – реализацию рискогенного поведения.

Поведенческие стратегии, направленные на сохранение ментального здоровья, вариативны и включают, например, максимально ориентированные на социальные связи (стратегия поиска эмоциональной поддержки, со-хранения социальных контактов), изоляционные и девиантные стратегии.

Предложены способы учета особенностей индивидуального и семейного поведения в пандемию при решении задачи снижения рисков распространения инфекционных заболеваний в будущем.

Ключевые слова: 
пандемия, риски для здоровья, самосохранительное поведение, поведение в сфере здоровья, коронавирусная инфекция, стратегии снижения рисков, стратегия максимальной протекции, стратегия доминирующей протекции
Судьин С.А. Индивидуальные стратегии снижения рисков для здоровья в условиях высокой эпидемиологической опасности (обзор зарубежных исследований) // Анализ риска здоровью. – 2023. – № 3. – С. 180–192. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.18
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Получена: 
30.08.2023
Одобрена: 
18.09.2023
Принята к публикации: 
25.09.2023

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