Индекс накопления липидов (lipid accumulation product, LAP) – современный клинико-биохимический маркер ожирения у человека
А.М. Канева, Е.Р. Бойко
Институт физиологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, Россия, 167982, г. Сыктывкар, ул. Первомайская, 50
Ожирение является важной медико-социальной проблемой, поскольку представляет серьезную угрозу для здоровья населения вследствие частого развития тяжелых сопутствующих заболеваний. Самым опасным видом ожирения считается висцеральное ожирение. Своевременная диагностика висцерального ожирения как на скрининговых осмотрах условно здорового населения, так и у лиц с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями становится важным направлением как первичной, так и вторичной профилактики.
В обзоре рассматривается современный маркер висцерального ожирения – индекс накопления липидов (lipid accumulation product – LAP). Этот индекс, предложенный H.S. Kahn в 2005 г., рассчитывается на основании двух переменных – обхвата талии (см) и уровня триглицеридов (ммоль/л), измеренного натощак. Одновременное исполь-зование биохимического и антропометрического показателей при расчете индекса LAP позволяет не только оцени-вать характер распределения жира в организме, но и отражать функциональное состояние жировой ткани
Индекс LAP широко используется в качестве маркера метаболических нарушений (метаболического синдрома, диабета, инсулинорезистентности, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени) и предиктора сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кроме того, индекс LAP, обладая способностью идентифицировать фенотип ожирения, позволяет проводить градацию среди людей с избыточным весом на «метаболически здоровых» и «метаболически больных», а среди лиц с нормальным весом выявлять пациентов с метаболическим ожирением. Во многих исследованиях продемонстрировано, что индекс LAP обладает хорошим диагностическим и прогностическим потенциалом в отношении метаболических и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и является более точным маркером кардиометаболического риска, чем общепринятые антропометрические показатели. В обзоре представлены диапазоны варьирования, половые и возрастные особенности значений индекса LAP, а также характер и степень их изменения при ряде заболеваний. Освещены преимущества и недостатки применения индекса LAP на практике.
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