On assessing electromagnetic field (300 kmhz – 300mhz) in a large industrial city on the basis of 3d modeling and instrumental measuring

View or download the full article: 
PDF icon health-risk-analysis-2017-3-3.pdf
UDC: 
504.6:614
DOI: 
10.21668/health.risk/2017.3.03.eng
Authors: 

I.V. May1, S.Yu. Balashov1, S.A. Vekovshinina1, M.A. Kudrya2

Organization: 

1 Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
2 Sanitary and Epidemiology Center, 13, build. 1, Akademika Korolyova Str., Moscow 129115 Russian Federation

Abstract: 

The article dwells on issues of modeling electromagnetic fields levels (EMF with frequency equal to 300 KMHz - 300 MHz which are created by television and radio broadcasting objects, radiolocation, and mobile communication in a large regional cen-ter, in geoinformation system environment. Our task was to estimate EMF levels on areas where apartment blocks were located; to assess energy flows at various floors, to determine zones in a city as per EMF levels; to verify the obtained results with the direct factor measuring. Our calculation included data on 2,011 EMF sources located on a city territory. We allowed for bulk parameters of 31,949 buildings including 17,307 apartment blocks, 3,160 administrative buildings, 307 pre-school children facilities and 105 secondary schools. We performed our calculations in city coordinate system at 109 thousand points. Each calculation created a picture of EMF spread in a plane at a set height which allowed us to determine exposure level at a control point as per "slice" re-sults and to build up a 3D contamination model. Approximately 80% of all the calculated results had EMF parameters within 0.1-10 safety criterion range. We spotted zones with maximum calculated EMF levels at 18-25 meters. Instrumental research proved high factor levels in these zones including those where levels exceeded safety criterion 4-6 times; it makes for certain vigilance in judgments on environmental safety for people who live on the examined territory permanently. The obtained data can be used for foundation of instrumental research points within the frameworks of specific research or social-hygienic monitoring as well as for consequent exposure and health risk assessment. The materials can be used in epidemiologic research for conjugate spatial analysis of energy flows and children and adults mortality.

Keywords: 
electromagnetic field, health risk factor, spatial modeling
May I.V., Balashov S.Yu., Vekovshinina S.A., Kudrya M.A. On assessing electromagnetic field (300 kmhz – 300mhz) in a large industrial city on the basis of 3d modeling and instrumental measuring. Health Risk Analysis, 2017, no. 3, pp. 21–30. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2017.3.03.eng
References: 
  1. Ageeva A.A. Issledovanie elektromagnitnoi obstanovki ot peredayushchikh ob"ektov v g. Vladivostoke s ispol'zovaniem geoinformatsionnykh system [Investigation of the lectromagnetic environment from passed object in vladivostok with the use of gis systems]. Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2011, vol. 122, no. 9, pp. 244–246 (in Russian).
  2. Balashov S.Yu., Bukharinov A.A. K probleme riska dlya zdorov'ya naseleniya g. Permi v rezul'tate vozde-istviya urovnei EMI [On issues of population health risk in Perm caused by exposure to E-field radiation]. Ekologi-ya goroda, 2015, pp. 22–24 (in Russian).
  3. Grigor'ev Yu.G. Reshenie mezhdunarodnogo agentstva issledovaniya raka (IARC): EMP mobil'nykh tele-fonov kak vozmozhnye kantserogeny dlya raka mozga [Decision of the international agency for research on the cancer (IARC): electromagnetic fields of vobile phones as possibly carcinogenic to cancer of brain]. Tekhnologii zhivykh sistem, 2011, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 48–55 (in Russian).
  4. Grigor'ev Yu.G., Grigor'ev O.A. Sotovaya svyaz' i zdorov'e. Elektromagnitnaya obstanovka. Radiobiolog-icheskie i gigienicheskie problemy. Prognoz opasnosti: monografiya [Mobile communication and health. Electro-magnetic situation. Radiobiological and hygienic problems. Danger forecast: a monograph]. Moscowm, Ekonomi-ka, Publ., 2016, 576 p. (in Russian).
  5. May I.V., Balashov S.Yu., Vekovshinina S.A., Kleyn S.V. K obosnovaniyu tochek kontrolya urovnei elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya ot peredayushchikh radiotekhnicheskikh ob"ektov dlya formirovaniya programm sotsial'no-gigienicheskogo monitoringa [On foundation of points for control over electromagnetic radiation from broadcasting objects used in creation of social-hygienic monitoring programs]. Aktual'nye voprosy organizatsii kontrolya i nadzora za fizicheskimi faktorami: materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakt. konferentsii [Vital issues of surveillance and control over physical factors: materials of Russian theoretical and practical conference]. In: A.Yu. Popova, ed. Moscow, 2017, pp. 239–242 (in Russian).
  6. Grigor'ev Yu.G., Samoilov A.S., Bushmanov A.Yu., Khorseva N.I. Mobil'naya svyaz' i zdorov'e detei: problema tret'ego tysyacheletiya [Cellular Connection and the Health of Children - Problem of the Third Millenni-um]. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost', 2017, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 39–46 (in Russian).
  7. Movchan V.N., Shmakov I.A. O vliyanii bazovykh stantsii sotovoi svyazi na ekologicheskuyu situatsiyu v krupnom gorode [About the influence of the cellular base stations on the ecological situation in a large city]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovanii, 2016, no. 5-3, pp. 426–428 (in Russian).
  8. Potapov A.A. Ekologicheskii monitoring elektromagnitnykh polei radiochastotnogo diapazona v uslovi-yakh goroda s primeneniem GIS-tekhnologii [Environmental monitoring of radio frequency electromagnetic fields in an urban environment with the use of geospatial technologies]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii, 2010, no. 3, pp. 20–29 (in Russian).
  9. Rozenberg G.S., Lifirenko N.G., Kostina N.V. Vozdeistvie elektromagnitnogo zagryazneniya na zdorov'e naseleniya (na primere goroda Tol'yatti) [Urbanization and socium The influence of electromagnetic pollution upon the health of the citizents (at the example of the city of Togliatti)]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii, 2007, no. 4, pp. 21–24.
  10. Tyagunov D.S. Tekhnogennoe elektromagnitnoe pole kak ekologicheskii faktor [Anthropogenic elec-tromagnetic field as an ecological factor]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii, 2011, no. 2, pp. 45–50.
  11. Chekhovskii A.V., Anisimov N.K., Marshalovich A.S. Vozdeistvie elektromagnitnykh polei v gorodskoi urbosisteme i ikh negativnoe vliyanie na zdorov'e gorozhan [Exposure to electromagnetic waves in the urban envi-ronment and their negative influence on the health of urban residents]. Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie, 2013, no. 2, pp. 5. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru (21.09.2017).
  12. Abdul Rahman H.I., Shah S.A., Alias H., Ibrahim H.M. A case-control study on the association between environmental factors and the occurrence of acute leukemia among children in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Asian. Pac J. Cancer. Prev., 2008, no. 9, pp. 649–652.
  13. Baliatsas C., Bolte J., Yzermans J., Kelfkens G., Hooiveld M., E. Lebret, Van Kamp I. Actual and per-ceived exposure to electromagnetic fields and non-specific physical symptoms: an epidemiological study based on self-reported data and electronic medical records. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2015, vol. 218, pp. 331–344.
  14. Malek F., Rani K.A., Rahim H.A., Omar M.H. Effect of Short-Term Mobile Phone Base Station Expo-sure on Cognitive Performance, Body Temperature, Heart Rate and Blood Pressure of Malaysians. Sci. Rep., 2015, vol. 5, pp. 13206.
  15. Breckenkamp J., Berg-Berckhoff G., Munster E., Schuz J., Schlehofer B., Wahrendorf J., Blettner M. Feasibility of a cohort study on health risks caused by occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Environ. Health, 2009, vol. 29, pp. 8–23.
  16. Beekhuizen J., Heuvelink G.B., Huss A., Burgi A., Kromhout H., Vermeulen R. Impact of input data uncertainty on environmental exposure assessment models: A case study for electromagnetic field modeling from mobile phone base stations. Environ. Res., 2014, vol. 135, pp. 148–155.
  17. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz: IEEE Std C95.1, 2005. New York, 2006, 250 p.
  18. Bergqvist U., Friedrich G., Hamnerius Y., Martens L., Neubauer G., Thuroczy G., Vogel E., Wiart J. Mobile Telecommunication Base Stations – Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, Report of a short Term Mission within COST 244 bis. 2001, 77 p.
  19. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Eleventh report from SSM’s Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields: Research. 2016, 115 p. Available at: http://www.stralsakerhetsmyndighe-ten.se/Global/Publikationer/Rapport/St... (21.09.2017).
  20. Vielt J., Clerc S., Barrera C., Rymzhanova R., Moissonier M., Hours M., Cardis E. Residental exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations and broadcast transmitters: a population-based survey with personal meter. Occup. Environ. Med, 2009, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 550–556.
  21. Stam R. Electromagnetic fields and the blood-brain barrier. Brain. Res. Rev., 2010, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 80–97. DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.06.001
  22. Statement on the "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagetic fields (up to 300 GHz)". Health Phys., 2009, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 257–258. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181aff9db
  23. Aydogan F., Aydin E., Koca G., Ozgur E., Atilla P., Tuzuner A., Demirc I.S., Tomruk A., Ozturk G.G., Seyhan N., Korkmaz M., Muftuoglu S., Samim E.E. The effects of 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats. Int. Forum. Allergy. Rhinol., 2015, no. 5, pp. 626–632.
  24. Bakacak M., Bostanci M.S., Attar R., Yildirim O.K., Yildirim G., Bakacak Z., Sayar H., Han A. The ef-fects of electromagnetic fields on the number of ovarian primordial follicles: An experimental study. Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci., 2015, vol. 31, pp. 287–292.
  25. Valberg P., van Deventer T.E., Repacholi M.H. Workgroup Report: Base Stations and Wireless Net-works: Radiofrequency (RF) Exposures and Health Consequences. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 416–424.
  26. Van Deventer E., Foster K. Risk Assessment and Risk Communication for Electromagnetic Fields: A World Health Organization Perspective, chapter in book The Role of Evidence in Risk Characterization: Making Sense of Conflicting Data. In: P. Wiedemann and H. Schütz, eds. WILEY-VCH, 2008, pp. 13–24.
  27. Van Deventer E., van Rongen E., Saunders R. WHO Research Agenda for Radiofrequency Fields. Bioe-lectromagnetics, 2011, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 417–421. DOI: 10.1002/bem.20660
  28. Van Deventer T.E., Simunic D., Repacholi M.H. EMF standards for human health. Biological and Med-ical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields: Handbook; 3rd ed. In: F. Barnes, B. Greenebaum, eds. 2007, pp. 314–329.
Received: 
08.06.2017
Accepted: 
16.08.2017
Published: 
30.09.2017

You are here

Home